Jakarta: Human rights (HAM) or also known as human rights is a legal and normative concept that states that humans have inherent rights. The State also participates in the protection of the human rights of its citizens.

In this world, there are a number of countries that are included in the category of the most respectful of human rights. Which countries are these? Here is a list of countries that respect human rights the most, taken from the page Smart class:

Human rights apply anytime, anywhere and to anyone, so they are universal. Human rights are in principle inalienable, indivisible, interrelated and interdependent.

Human rights are generally addressed to the state, or in other words, the state has the obligation to respect, protect and fulfill human rights. Include, prevent and track breaches by the private sector.

In modern terminology, human rights can be categorized into civil and political rights related to civil liberties. For example, the right to life, the right not to be tortured and freedom of expression, as well as economic, social and cultural rights related to access to public goods, such as the right to an adequate education, the right to health or the right to housing.

Conceptually, human rights can be based on the belief that these rights are “naturally conferred” by the universe, God or reason. Meanwhile, those who reject the use of natural elements believe that human rights are the embodiment of values ​​agreed upon by society.

From the point of view of international law, human rights can be limited or reduced under certain conditions. Restrictions must generally be prescribed by law, have a legitimate aim and are necessary in a democratic society.

Meanwhile, cuts can only be made in an emergency that threatens the life of the nation and the outbreak of war does not meet this requirement. In times of war, international humanitarian law applies as lex specialis. Even so, a number of rights cannot be waived in any way, such as the right not to be subjected to slavery or torture.

Based on data from US News, here is a list of the top 5 countries that respect human rights the most:

1. The Netherlands

The first sequence of countries that defend human rights is the Netherlands. In this country, the human rights of citizens are regulated in the first chapter of the constitution. Through this constitution, the state prohibits discrimination, guarantees freedom of religion, freedom of opinion, freedom of association, freedom of assembly and the right to privacy.

In addition, they also enjoy social rights, such as the right to housing, social security, health care, education and employment.

In addition, the Netherlands prohibits the death penalty in times of peace and in times of war. The State is also a signatory to all relevant international human rights treaties, such as the European Convention on Human Rights, the Rome Statute (for the International Criminal Court), the Universal Declaration of rights, as well as the European Convention against Torture and the European Social Charter.

2. Norway

This Scandinavian country is one of the best in terms of political, civil and personal rights. The Norwegian constitution guarantees political pluralism which allows parties with different ideologies to participate in elections. Freedom of the press is also fully guaranteed. Citizens are also free to adhere to any religion, as well as freedom of worship.

Norwegians are free to meet, hold opinions or demonstrate. Moreover, this country is known to be very humane towards prisoners. There is no death penalty or life imprisonment. The maximum sentence for a crime is 21 years.

3. Canada

In Canada, human rights are protected by federal, provincial and territorial laws. Two legal bases exist to protect the human rights of Canadian citizens, namely the Canadian Human Rights Act and the Canadian Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms. Canada’s Human Rights Act prohibits discrimination based on race, ethnicity, color, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, family status and disability.

Meanwhile, the Canadian Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms guarantees the fundamental freedoms of Canadian citizens, such as freedom of religion, freedom of expression, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and freedom of association. However, the government has the right to revoke this freedom under certain conditions. For example, during a war, the government has the right to temporarily ban freedom of assembly.

4. Sweden

Sweden is a world leader in the protection and defense of human rights. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the protection of human rights in Sweden is strong because democracy and law enforcement are very good.

In fact, this Scandinavian country uses subtle means to promote human rights standards internationally. This country also contributes to the application of international human rights by financially supporting international organizations engaged in the protection of human rights.

5. Denmark

Denmark is the fifth most respectful country for human rights. In this country, human rights are protected by a state constitution called Grundloven and participate in the ratification of international human rights treaties.

The country also played an important role in the European Convention on Human Rights and the establishment of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). In 1987, the Danish parliament established a national human rights institution which is now called the Danish Institute for Human Rights. The organization is also responsible for enforcing human rights in Sweden.

These are the five countries that most respect human rights. Medcom friends, do you want to study in one of the above countries?

(REN)